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Consider the reaction.

[tex]2 \, SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \longleftrightarrow 2 \, SO_3(g)[/tex]

When does the given chemical system reach dynamic equilibrium?

A. When the forward and reverse reactions stop
B. When the rate of the forward reaction is higher than the rate of the reverse reaction
C. When the concentration of the reactants is higher than the concentration of the products
D. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
To determine when the chemical system reaches dynamic equilibrium for the reaction

[tex]\[ 2 \text{SO}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \longleftrightarrow 2 \text{SO}_3(g) \][/tex]

we need to understand the concept of dynamic equilibrium in the context of chemical reactions. Let's go through the concepts step by step:

### Dynamic Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions

1. Definition of Dynamic Equilibrium:
- Dynamic equilibrium occurs in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
- At dynamic equilibrium, there is no overall change in the concentrations of reactants and products, though both reactions continue to occur.

2. Characteristics of Dynamic Equilibrium:
- The system is closed, meaning no substances are added or removed from the system.
- The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are exactly balanced.
- The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, though not necessarily equal.
- Dynamic equilibrium is different from a static equilibrium because reactions continue to proceed in both directions.

### Applying This Concept to the Given Reaction

Given the reaction:

[tex]\[ 2 \text{SO}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \longleftrightarrow 2 \text{SO}_3(g) \][/tex]

To determine when this reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium, let's explore the given options:

- When the forward and reverse reactions stop:
- This is incorrect because at equilibrium, reactions continue in both directions.

- When the rate of the forward reaction is higher than the rate of the reverse reaction:
- This is incorrect because dynamic equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

- When the concentration of the reactants is higher than the concentration of the products:
- This is not necessarily a criterion for dynamic equilibrium. The concentrations of reactants and products can vary at equilibrium.

- When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal:
- This is correct. Dynamic equilibrium is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

### Conclusion

The chemical system reaches dynamic equilibrium when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. This means the correct answer is:

- When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
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