Let's go through the given data and answer each question step by step:
First, we are given the specific heats of various materials in the provided chart:
[tex]\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Material} & \text{Specific Heat } \left( J / g \cdot ^{\circ} C \right) \\
\hline
\text{aluminum} & 0.90 \\
\hline
\text{iron} & 0.44 \\
\hline
\text{lead} & 0.16 \\
\hline
\text{sand} & 0.83 \\
\hline
\text{steel} & 0.49 \\
\hline
\text{wood} & 1.80 \\
\hline
\text{water} & 4.18 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\][/tex]
### 1. Highest Specific Heat
- To find the material with the highest specific heat, we compare the specific heat values provided.
- After comparison, we observe that water has the highest specific heat with a value of 4.18 [tex]\( J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
[tex]\[
\boxed{\text{water}}
\][/tex]
### 2. Lowest Specific Heat
- To find the material with the lowest specific heat, we again compare the specific heat values.
- We see that lead has the lowest specific heat with a value of 0.16 [tex]\( J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
[tex]\[
\boxed{\text{lead}}
\][/tex]
### 3. Material with the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum
- The specific heat of aluminum is given as 0.90 [tex]\( J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
- We need to find the material that has a specific heat value closest to twice that of aluminum's specific heat:
[tex]\[
2 \times 0.90 = 1.80 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C
\][/tex]
- Among the given materials, wood has a specific heat value of 1.80 [tex]\( J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex], which is exactly twice the specific heat of aluminum.
[tex]\[
\boxed{\text{wood}}
\][/tex]
In summary:
- The material with the highest specific heat is [tex]\(\boxed{\text{water}}\)[/tex].
- The material with the lowest specific heat is [tex]\(\boxed{\text{lead}}\)[/tex].
- The material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is [tex]\(\boxed{\text{wood}}\)[/tex].
