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The third law of thermodynamics relates the entropy (randomness) of matter to its absolute temperature. Which of the following statements are in agreement with the third law of thermodynamics?a) Select all that apply.1) As the temperature of a perfect crystal increases, the random vibrations of the molecules decrease.2)In a gaseous state, the entropy of the system is zero.3)In a crystalline state, there is a tendency to minimize entropy.4)At absolute zero, the interatomic distance within a crystal is minimized.5)At the melting point, the entropy of a system increases abruptly as the compound transforms into a liquid.6) At zero kelvin, substances maximize entropy.b) Calculate the standard-state entropy for the following reaction:CH4(g)+2O2(g)?CO2(g)+2H2O(l)The standard entropy values are given in the table.FormulaS?J K?1 mol?1CO2(g)214H2O(l)189CH4(g)186O2(g)205

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Following statements are in agreement with the third law of thermodynamics

  • 3) In a crystalline state, there is a tendency to minimize entropy and at absolute zero, the inter-atomic distance within a crystal is minimized.
  • 4) At the melting point, the entropy of a system increases abruptly as the compound transforms into a liquid.

Standard-state entropy for  reaction-242.2 J/K.mol

Third law of thermodynamics states that the minimum entropy must be assigned a zero value for a perfectly  pure crystalline structure.

From this we can say that,Temperature is directly proportional to the entropy of the system.Less the temperature, less will be randomness of the particles (less will be the entropy), less will be the inter-atomic distance between the particles.Hence, from the information above, the correct statements are:The entropy of a system increases abruptly as the compound transforms into a liquid,In a crystalline state, there is a tendency to minimize entropy At absolute zero, the inter-atomic distance within a crystal is minimized.

Given reaction:

CH4(g)+2O2(g)?CO2(g)+2H2O(l)

CH4(g) = 186 S⁰(J / K mol)

O2(g) =205 S⁰ (J /K mol)

CO2(g) =214 S⁰ (J/ K mol)

H2O(l) =69.9 S⁰(J / K mol)

Now we will find the entropy change as follows:

ΔS⁰xn= S⁰CO2 +2×SoH2O−SoCH4−2×SoO2

Hence, the entropy change for the reaction is -242.2 J/K.mol

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