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how is the hydrolysis of atp coupled to reactions? what phosphate groups in atp are used in energy coupling reactions and what phosphate group is not used? why is the unused group not appropriate substrate for energy metabolism?

Sagot :

Process coupling is a method that cells typically employ. In this method, an energetically advantageous reaction (such as ATP hydrolysis) is closely connected with an energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction.

A product of one reaction is frequently "picked up" and employed as a reactant in the subsequent one through the usage of a common intermediate or linking. The G of the combined reaction, which results from the addition of two linked reactions, equals the sum of the G values of the coupled reactions. Both responses are possible as long as the total G is negative. If it is coupled with a very exergonic reaction, even a very endergonic reaction might happen (such as hydrolysis of ATP).A phosphorylated molecule is frequently the common intermediate when ATP is involved in reaction coupling (a molecule to which one of the phosphate groups of ATP has been attached). as in the case of sucrose production.

In fact, there are two reactions going on at once, not just one huge one, and the byproduct of the first reaction serves as the reactant for the second.

A phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glucose in the first step, creating an intermediate called phosphorylated glucose (glucose P). Because ATP is so unstable and truly "wants" to shed its phosphate group, this reaction is energetically advantageous (energy-releasing).

In the subsequent process, fructose and the intermediate glucose-P combine to produce sucrose. This reaction also releases energy and is spontaneous as glucose-P is relatively unstable (due to its connected phosphate group).

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