How do the ruins illustrate the building skills found in the African city-state?



REVIEW & ASSESS

1. What effect did trade have on the culture of the East African city-states?



2. What factors helped Kilwa become one of the richest city-states in Africa?



3. The text uses the word stumbled to describe how the Portuguese discovered Kilwa’s trade
network. What does this word suggest about the discovery?



BANTU MIGRATION


REVIEW & ASSESS

1. What is one impact the Bantu-speaking people had on Africa?



2. In what ways were the Bantu different from other groups of people who lived in Africa at
this time?



3. What physical features may have limited Bantu migration into the far south and southwest?