Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Different molecules are involved at each stage of the process. Which items are involved in reception, transduction, or response?
-Reception: G protein-coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinase, signaling molecule
-Transduction: phosphorylation cascade, second messenger, adenylyl cyclase, Ca2+, cAMP, IP3
-Response: protein synthesis
Receptor proteins (located in the plasma membrane or inside the cell) bind signaling molecules. The reception of the signal causes a shape change in the receptor molecule, to which other molecules inside the cell respond. The message is then relayed through signal transduction, which may involve a phosphorylation cascade or second messengers such as cAMP, Ca2+, or IP3. Possible responses to the signal may include synthesis of a particular protein or regulation of a particular enzyme.